Manipur

                                                                 (Jewelled land)

Siroi Lily Manipur State Flower

The Manipuri's are very friendly, helpful and disciplined. Insurgents have become inactive. Climate is pleasant. So! Why wait? Visit Imphal and it's surrounding in Manipur.

Manipur (Meitei: Kangleipak ) is a state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It also borders two regions of Myanmar, Sagaing Region to the east and Chin State to the south.  The state covers an area of 22,327 square kms (8,621 sq mi). Meitei language  (officially known as Manipuri language) is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state, spoken natively by the Meiteis  and as a lingua franca by the Nagas, Kukis, Zomis  and other smaller communities, who speak a variety of Sini-Tibetan languages. Manipur has been at the crossroads of Asian economic and cultural exchange for more than 2,500 years. It connects the Indian sub continent  and Central Asia  to Southeast Asia, East Asia, Siberia,  regions in the Arctic, Micronesia  and Polynesia enabling migration of people, cultures and religions.

The word "Manipur" is made-up of two Sanskrit words (Maṇi), which means jewel and (Purǝ), which means land/place/abode, Manipur is translated as "Jeweled land"

                                                           

Nongin State bird of Manipur

Rare birds and flowers include:  Nongin is the state bird (top) and Siroi Lily is its state flower (middle). Leimaram falls, bottom, is a local attraction

Sangai Deer. Dancing Dear of Manipur

Sangai, the state animal, at Keibul Lamjao National Park. In the wild, it has a habit of waiting and looking back at viewers

Manipur State Bird

 Leimaram falls, bottom, is a local attraction.

Introduction

Chief Minister N Biren Singh

During the days of the British Indian empire, the Kingdom of Manipur was one of the princely states. Between 1917 and 1939, some people of Manipur pressed the princely rulers for democracy. By the late 1930s, the princely state of Manipur negotiated with the British administration its preference to continue to be part of the Indian Empire, rather than part of Burma, which was being separated from India. These negotiations were cut short with the outbreak of World War II in 1939. On 11 August 1947, Maharaja Budhachandra  signed an Instrument of Accession,  joining India. Later, on 21 September 1949, he signed a Merger Agreement, merging the kingdom into India, which led to its becoming a Part C state. This merger was later disputed by groups in Manipur, as having been completed without consensus and under duress. The dispute and differing visions for the future has resulted in a 50-year insurgency in the state for independence from India, as well as in repeated episodes of violence among ethnic groups in the state. From 2009 through 2018, the conflict was responsible for the violent deaths of over 1000 people.
The  Meitei  represents around 53% of the population of Manipur state, followed by various Naga  tribes at 24% and various Kuki / Zomi tribes at 16%.  The main language of the state is  Meiteilon (also known as Manipuri). Tribals constitute about 41% of the state population (according to 2011 census) and have dialects and cultures that are often village-based. Manipur's ethnic groups practice a variety of religions. According to 2011 census,     Hinduism  is the major religion in the state, closely followed by Christianity. Other religions include Islam, Sanamahism,(Meitei religion)  Buddhism,  and Judaism,  etc.

Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through Imphal airport, the second largest in northeastern India. Manipur is home to many sports and the origin of Manipuri dance, and is credited with introducing Polo to Europeans

Kangla Sha, The state emblem

History of Manipur

Its capital was Kangla, Yumphal or Imphal (present day).  Its people were known by various names, such as Mi-tei, Poirei-Mitei, Meetei, Maitei or Meitei. The Puwaris, Ninghthou Kangbalon, Ningthourol Lambuba, Cheitharol Kumbaba, Poireiton Khunthokpa, recorded the events of each King who ruled Manipur in a span of more than 3500 years until 1955 CE (a total of more than 108 kings). A 14th century inscription from Pagan  mentions Kasan (Manipur) to be one of the 21 states under Mong Mao  ruler Thonganbwa (1413–1445/6) who was later captured by the Governor of Taungdwingyi Ningthou Kangba (15th century BCE) is regarded as the first and foremost king of Manipur. There were times when the country was in turmoil without rulers, and long historical gaps exist between 1129 BCE and 44 BCE. In 1891 CE, after the defeat of the Meiteis by the British in the Anglo-Manipuri war of Khongjom , the sovereignty of Manipur which it had maintained for more than three millenniums, was lost. In 1926, it became a part of Pakokku  Hill Tracts Districts of British Burma until 4 January 1947. It regained its freedom on 14 August 1947. On 15 October 1949, Manipur was unified with India.

Medieval

By the medieval period, marriage alliances between the royal families of Manipur, Ahom kingdom and Burma  had become common. Medieval era manuscripts discovered in the 20th century, particularly the Puya, provide evidence that Hindus from the Indian subcontinent had married Manipur royalty by at least the 14th century. In centuries thereafter, royal spouses came also from what is now Assam, Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh  and from other South Indian kingdoms as well. Another manuscript suggests that Muslims arrived in Manipur in the 17th century, from what is now Bangladesh, during the reign of Meidingu Khagemba. The socio-political turmoil and wars, particularly the persistent and devastating  Anglo Burmese Wars, affected the cultural and religious demography of Manipur.

Imperial period

In 1824, the ruler of Manipur entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British Empire in the Indian subcontinent, which became responsible for Manipur's external defence. The British recognized that the state remained internally self-governing, as a princely state. During World War l l  Manipur was the scene of many fierce battles between Japanese invaders and British Indian forces. The Japanese  were beaten back before they could enter Imphal, which was one of the turning points of the overall war in South Asia.

Modern history

After the war, British India  moved towards independence, and the princely states which had existed alongside it became responsible for their own external affairs and defence, unless they joined the new India or the new Pakistan. The  The Manipur State Constitution of 1947 established a democratic form of government, with the Maharaja  continuing as the head of state. Maharaja Bodhchandra was summoned to Shillong,  to merge the kingdom into the Union of India. He is believed to have signed the merger agreement under duress. Thereafter, the legislative assembly was dissolved, and in October 1949 Manipur became part of India,  It was made a Union Territory in 1956. and a fully-fledged State in 1972 by the North Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971. 

Kangla Gate, the west entrance to the Kangla Fort

Manipur had a long record of insurgency and inter-ethnic violence. The first armed opposition group in Manipur, the United National Liberation Front (UNLF), was founded in 1964 and declared that it wanted to gain independence from India and form Manipur as a new country. Over time, many more groups formed in Manipur, each with different goals, and deriving support from diverse ethnic groups in Manipur. In 1977 the  People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK) was formed, and the People's Liberation Army (PLA), formed in 1978 which Human Rights Watch said had received arms and training from China. In 1980, the  Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) was formed. These groups began a spree of bank robberies and attacks on police officers and government buildings. The state government appealed to the central government in New Delhi for support in combating this violence.

From 1980 to 2004, the Indian government referred to Manipur as a disturbed area. This term (designated by the Ministry of Home Affairs or a State Governor) refers to a territory where extraordinary laws under the  Armed forces (Special Powers) Act can be used. The laws allow the military to treat private and public spaces, in the same manner, detain individuals up to 24 hours with unlimited renewals, to perform warrantless searches, and to shoot and kill individuals that break laws, carry weapons, or gather in groups larger than four as well as giving legal immunity to the military. Since 1980, the application of AFSPA has been at the heart of concerns about human rights violations in the region, such as arbitrary killings, torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, and Forced disappearances . Its continued application has led to numerous protests, notably the longstanding hunger strike by Irom Sharmila Chanu. 

In 2004, the government lifted the disturbed status after a violent attack on a local woman. The rape of a Manipuri woman, Thangiam Manorama Devi, by members of the Assam Rifles paramilitary had led to wide protests including a nude protest by the Meira Paibis women association.

Landscape view of dawn at Senapati Manipur

Geography

• Bishnupur.
• Chandel.
• Churachandpur.
• Imphal East.
• Imphal West.
• 16 Ditricts of Manipur

• Code	District	Headquarters	Website
  BPR	Bishnupur	Bishnupur	https://bishnupur.nic.in/
  CDL	Chandel	Chandel	https://chandel.nic.in/
  CCP	Churachandpur	Churachandpur	https://churachandpur.nic.in/
  IE	Imphal East	Porompat	https://imphaleast.nic.in/
  IW	Imphal West	Lamphelpat	https://imphalwest.nic.in/
  JBM	Jiribam	Jiribam
  KAK	Kakching	Kakching	https://kakching.nic.in/
  KJ	Kamjong	Kamjong
  KPI	Kangpokpi (Sadar Hills)	Kangpokpi	https://dckpidistrict.gov.in/
  NL	Noney	Noney
  PZ	Pherzawl	Pherzawl	https://pherzawl.nic.in/
  SE	Senapati	Senapati	https://senapati.nic.in/
  TML	Tamenglong	Tamenglong	https://tamenglong.nic.in/
  TNL	Tengnoupal	Tengnoupal
  TBL	Thoubal	Thoubal	https://thoubal.nic.in/
  UKR	Ukhrul	Ukhrul	https://ukhrul.nic.in/

• 
  

The state is bordered by the Indian states of Nagaland  to its north, Mizoram to its south, Assam  to its west, and shares an international border with Myanmar to its east. The state has four major river basins: the Barak River Basin (Barak Valley)to the west, the Manipur river basin in central Manipur, the Yu River Basin in the east, and a portion of the Lanye River Basin in the north. Manipur may be characterized as two distinct physical regions: an outlying area of rugged hills and narrow valleys, and the inner area of flat plain, with all associated landforms. These two areas are distinct in physical features and are conspicuous in flora and fauna. The valley region has hills and mounds rising above the flat surface. The Loktak Lake is an important feature of the central plain. The soil cover can be divided into two broad types, viz. the red  Ferruginous soil in the hill area and the alluvium in the valley. The valley soils generally contain loam, small rock fragments, sand, and sandy clay, and are varied. On the plains, especially flood plains and deltas, the soil is quite thick. The topsoil on the steep slopes is very thin. Soil on the steep hill slopes is subject to high erosion, resulting in Gullies and barren rock slopes.

Flora

Flower carpeting the foot hills

Natural vegetation occupies an area of about 14,365 square kilometers (5,546 sq mi), nearly 64% of the total geographical area of the state, and consists of short and tall grasses, reeds and bamboos and trees. Broadly, there are four types of forests: Tropical Semi-evergreen, Dry Temperate Forest, Sub-Tropical Pine, and Tropical Moist Deciduous.
There are forests of  teak, pine, oak uningthou, leihao, bamboo, and cane, Rubber, tea, coffee, orange,  and  cardemum are grown in hill areas. Rice is a staple food for Manipuri's.

Teak Tree

Teak

Pine Tree

Oak Tree

Oak Tree

Uningthou State Tree of Manipur Phoeba hainesiana. Tree King / Wood King

Bamboo

Rubber Tree

Common Reed Grass

Manipur Tea State

                            Coffee

                     Tamenglong Orange

                            Cardemum

               Manipur Black Rice cultivation

Climate

Dzuko  valley has temperate climate

Manipur's climate is largely influenced by the topography of the region. Lying 790 metres above sea level, Manipur is wedged among hills on all sides. This northeastern corner of India enjoys a generally amiable climate, though the winters can be chilly. The maximum temperature in the summer months is 32 °C (90 °F). The coldest month is January, and the warmest July.

The state receives an average annual rainfall of 1,467.5 millimetres (57.78 in) between April and mid-October. Precipitation ranges from light drizzle to heavy downpour. The capital city Imphal  receives an annual average of 933 millimetres (36.7 in). Rainfall in this region is caused by The South Westerly Monsoon picking up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and heading towards the  Eastern Himalayas ranges. This normal rainfall pattern of Manipur enriches the soil and much of the agrarian activities are dependent on it as well.

Manipur is already experiencing climate changes  especially changes in weather, with both increased variability in rain as well as increasingly severe changes in temperature.

Demographic

Population

Manipur has a population of 2,855,794 as per 2011 census. Of this total, 57.2% live in the valley districts and the remaining 42.8% in the hill districts. The valley (plain) is mainly inhabited by the Meitei speaking population (native Manipuri speakers). The hills are inhabited mainly by several ethno-linguistically diverse tribes belonging to the Nagas,  the Kukis and smaller tribal groupings. Naga and Kuki settlements are also found in the valley region, though less in numbers. There are also sizable population of Nepalis, Bengalis, Tamils and Marwaris living in Manipur.

Literacy 

85.4%

Towns

33

People

The Meiteis (synonymous to the  Manipuri's) constitute the majority of the state's population. In 1901, the Meiteis were recorded as the main ethnicity of Manipur.
Nagas and Kuki/Zo are the major tribe conglomerates. The Nagas in Manipur are further sub-divided into sub-tribes like Anal, Liangmai, Mao, Maram, Maring, Poumai, Rongmei, Tangkhul, Zeme, 

Religion

The religious groups of the Meitei speaking people include Sanamahists, Hindus, Meitei, Christians, and Meitei, Pangals. Besides these, the non Meitei speaking communities (tribesmen communities) are mostly Christians.

Religion in Manipur (2011)^[31]

  Hinduism (41.39%)

  Christianity (41.29%)

  Islam (8.40%)

  Sanamahi (7.78%)

  Buddhism (0.25%)

  Heraka (0.23%)

  Judaism (0.07%)

  Sikhism (0.05%)

  Jainism (0.06%)

  Not religious (0.38%)

Hinduism

Ningthoukhong Gopinath Temple

The Meitei ethnicity (aka Manipuri people ) is the majority group following Hinduism in Manipur, beside other minor immigrants following the same faith in the state. Among the indigenous communities of Manipur, Meiteis are the only Hindus as no other indigenous ethnic groups follow this faith. According to the 2011 Censes of India, about 41.39% of the Manipuri people practice Hinduism. The Hindu population is heavily concentrated in the Meitei dominant areas of the Manipur Valley (Imphal Valley), among the Meitei people. The districts of Bishnupur, Thoubal, Imphal East, and Imphal West all have Hindu majorities, averaging 67.62% (range 62.27–74.81%) according to the 2011 census data. 

Vaishnavite Hinduism was the state religion of the Kingdom of Manipur.  In 1704, Meitei King  Charairongba accepted Vaishnavism and changed his traditional Meitei name into Hindu name (Indo-Aryan name), Pitambar Singh. However, the first Hindu temples were constructed much earlier. A copper plate excavated from Phayeng dating back to 763 CE (believed to be of the reign of Meitei King Khongtekcha) was found to contain inscriptions about the Hindu deities in Sanskrit words. During the 13th century, Meitei King Khumomba constructed a Lord Hanuman temple. The Vishnu temple at Lamangdong was constructed during 1474 CE (during the reign of Meitei King Kiyamba ), by Brahmins immigrating from the neighborhood Shan State). As per the legends, the temple was constructed to house the Vishnu emblem given to King Kiyamba by King Khekhomba of Shan. Phurailatpam Shubhi Narayan was the first Brahmin priest of this temple.

Christianity

St. Joseph's Cathedral at Imphal

Christianity is the religion of 41% of the people in the state, but is the majority in rural areas with 53%, and is predominant in the hills. It was brought by Protestant missionaries to Manipur in the 19th century. In the 20th century, a few Christian schools were established, which introduced Western-type education. Christianity is the predominant religion among Tribals of Manipur and tribal Christians make up the vast majority (over 96%) of the Christian population in Manipur.

Islam

The Meitei Pangals, also known as the Manipuri Muslims, are the third largest religious majority group in the state as they constitute about 8.3% of the state population as per 2011 census. They belong to the Sunni group of the Hanafi school of Islamic thought and there are Arab, Bangladesh, Turani, Bengali and Mughal or Chaghtai Turk sections among these Meitei speaking Muslims.

Sanamahism

A reconstructed ancient temple dedicated to Meitei God  Pakhangba of Sanamahism inside the Kangla Fort, Imphal.

Sanamahism (often referred to as traditional Meitei religion)is the ancient indigenous animistic religion of the  Meitei people, the predominant ethnic group of Manipur.  Sanamahists worship concentrates on the household deity Lainingthou Sanamahi (often associated as well as confused with direct Sun God Korouhanba ). The ancient Meiteis worshiped a Supreme deity, Salailen, and followed their ancestors. Their ancestor worship and animism was based on Umang Lai- – ethnic governing deities worshiped in the sacred groves.. Some of the traditional  Meitei deities (Lais) are Atiya Sidaba, Pakhangba, Sanamahi, Leimaren, Panthoibi, Imoinu, Thangching (Thangjing), Marjing Wangpulen,  (Wangbaren)  and Koupalu  (Kaobru) ). Out of the 233,767 people who opted for the "Other religion" option, 222,315 were Sanamahists.

Other religions

The various other religions were mostly followers of tribal folk religions, 6,444 were Heraka, 2,032 were Jewish and 1,180 were from other tribal religions such as Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak.

Languages

The official languages are Meitei and English.

Languages in Manipur (2011)^[66]

  Meitei (53.30%)

  Thadou (7.84%)

  Tangkhul (6.41%)

  Poula (4.74%)

  Rongmei (3.83%)

  Mao (3.12%)

  Nepali (2.23%)

  Paite (1.92%)

  Hmar (1.72%)

  Liangmai (1.59%)

  Vaiphei (1.39%)

  Kuki (1.32%)

  Maram (1.12%)

  Bengali (1.07%)

  Others (8.40%)

The Meitei language (or Manipuri) is the  lingua franca in Manipur and is one of the languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.  Manipur has a diverse group of ethnic groups speaking different languages and dialects, practicing Hinduism, Christianity, Sanamahism, Buddhism, Islam, and other folk religions.

Besides Meitei, which is the language of the majority of the people in Manipur, there is a huge amount of linguistic diversity as is the case in most of the Northeast. Almost all of these are Sino-Tibetan languages, with many different subgroups represented. There are multiple Kuki-Chin languages, the largest being Thadou. Another major language family is the Naga Languages. like  and Mao. Tangkhul, Poula, Rongmei  Less than 5% speak Indo-European languages, mostly Nepali and Bengali, in its Sylheti  dialect, which is the major language of Jiribam district

Government

The government of Manipur is a collective assembly of 60 elected members, of which 19 are reserved for Scheduled Tribes and 1 for Scheduled Castes. The state sends two representatives to the Lok Sabha of the Parliament of India. The state sends one representative to the Rajya Sabha. The legislature of the state is Unicameral. Representatives are elected for a five-year term to the state assembly and the Indian parliament through voting, a process overseen by the offices of the Election Commission of India.

The state has one autonomous council. 

Security and insurgency

 Insurgency in Manipur

The violence in Manipur extends beyond the conflict between Indian security forces and insurgent armed groups. There is violence between the Meiteis, Nagas, Kukis, and other tribal groups. Splinter groups have arisen within some of the armed groups, and disagreement between them is rife. Other than the UNLF, PLA, and PREPAK, Manipuri insurgent groups include the Revolutionary Peoples Front (RPF), Manipur Liberation Front Army (MLFA), Kanglei Yawol Kanba Lup (KYKL), Revolutionary Joint Committee (RJC), Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Peoples United Liberation Front (PULF), Manipur Naga People Front (MNPF), National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-K), National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-I/M), United Kuki Liberation Front (UKLF), Kuki National Front (KNF), Kuki National Army (KNA), Kuki Defence Force (KDF), Kuki Democratic Movement (KDM), Kuki National Organisation (KNO), Kuki Security Force (KSF), Chin Kuki Revolutionary Front (CKRF), Kom Rem Peoples Convention (KRPC), Zomi Revolutionary Volunteers (ZRV), Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA), Zomi Reunification Organisation (ZRO), and Hmar Peoples Convention (HPC).

The Meitei insurgent groups seek independence from India. The Kuki insurgent groups want a separate state for the Kukis to be carved out from the present state of Manipur. The Kuki insurgent groups are under two umbrella organizations: the Kuki National Organisation (KNO) and United Peoples Forum. The Nagas wish to annex part of Manipur and merge with a greater Nagaland or Nagalim, which is in conflict with Meitei insurgent demands for the integrity of their vision of an independent state. There have been many tensions between the tribes and numerous clashes between Naga and Kukis, Meiteis and Muslims.

According to SATP, there has been a dramatic decline in fatalities in Manipur since 2009. In 2009, 77 civilians died (about 3 per 100,000 people). From 2010 onward, about 25 civilians have died in militant-related violence (about 1 per 100,000 people), dropping further to 21 civilian deaths in 2013 (or 0.8 per 100,000 people). However, there were 76 explosions in 2013 compared to 107 in 2012. Different groups have claimed responsibility for the explosions, some claiming they were targeting competing militant groups, others claiming their targets were state and central government officials. As a point of comparison, the average annual global rate of violent death between 2004 and 2009 was 7.9 per 100,000 people.

The CM Biren Singh used the National Security Act on a journalist who criticized him by calling him as 'puppet'. NSA is meant to be used when there is grave danger to society not to stifle dissent. These acts further cement isolation and insurgency among locals.

Manipur Food

The food of Manipur is considered to be very healthy. Their preparations are simple and yet, tasty. Most of the ingredients they use are organic which again, contributes to the health factor. Of course, the food here has to be healthy, as there are so many hills and peaks in this area that require a good deal of strength and agility to scale! Manipuri food is also supposed to be spicy and contains less oil. Their secret is that they make use of chilli pepper instead of the usual garam masala powder that the rest of the country uses. That is why their food is considered healthier

the people of Manipur eat rice, fish, leafy vegetables, etc. Also, they grow their vegetables in their gardens or farms and breed their fishes in their backyard ponds. So, everything is pretty much organic. They also make use of a lot of herbs in their preparations, ranging from mint and chives to pepper and basil.

Manipuri meal

A typical Manipuri meal consists of the following dishes: steamed rice (which is the staple) is accompanied by kangsoi (a vegetable stew with ngari), ooti (a thick curry made of green/yellow peas, chives and beans), nga Atoiba thongba (a curry made of fish), kanghou (stir-fried vegetables), eromba (a mash of boiled ..

1. Chamthong or Kangshoi – A healthy vegetable stew - Famous Food of Manipur

This dish is very popular in Manipur. It is a vegetable stew. It consists of seasonal vegetables that are boiled and flavoured with sliced onions, cloves, salt, garlic, maroi and a bit of ginger. This stew is served with rice or fish and is supposed to be consumed piping hot.

2. Eromba – A delightful combination of boiled vegetables and fish

Here is another favourite dish among the Manipuris. Their cuisine almost always includes a type of fish called Ngari. Eromba is prepared by boiling a tonne of vegetables along with some fermented fish. It is mixed until the texture becomes like a paste. Finally, it is garnished with maroi and a sprinkle of coriander leaves.

3. Morok Metpa – A spicy and delicious chutney

Just like coriander chutney is popular in Mumba city, the Morok Metpa chutney is a hit in Manipur! It is prepared using dried green chilies. The chilies are mashed into a paste and then boiled with some Ngari fish. Once again, it is mashed and then sprinkled with salt. Enjoy it with all kinds of meals.

4. Singju – A Famous Manipuri Salad

Singju is a type of salad that is bursting with vegetables. It does not contain only a few standard vegetables like tomatoes or onions. Quite to the contrary, it includes cabbage, coriander leaves, onions, ginger, lotus stems, the singju leaf and other similar vegetables. The variations of dish include raw papaya, cabbage, banana flower, lotus root.  The Singju is either flavoured with besan, powdered perilla seeds, chilli powder and other herbs.

5. Paaknam

Similar to a pancake, Paaknam is a savoury cake which is prepared from a thick batter of besan, herbs, vegetables and further flavoured with chilli and the traditional Ngari. It is finally wrapped up in a banana leaf and steamed. It is considered to be quite a delicacy and is enjoyed by locals and tourists alike!. It is a perfect dish for evening time snacking! 

6. Chak-hao Kheer – The most popular dessert in Manipur

Chak-hao Kheer is a delicious kheer that is prepared on many special occasions in Manipur. It is a pleasing shade of purple and is made using rice, milk and cardamom powder. It is generally garnished with dried fruits like raisins or other nuts. The flavor of this kheer is delicious.

 7. Alu Kangmet

Alu kangmet is a very simple dish, usually consumed as a side dish. Boiled potatoes are mashed wonderfully and mixed with fried red chilli, salt and drizzles of mustard oil. This is surely a simple but a wholesome dish.(Alu Chokha type)

Economy

Bamboo, 
Bamboo is common in Manipur, and an important contributor to its economy as well as cuisine. Above is soibum yendem eromba , a bamboo shoot dish of Manipur.

The 2012–2013 gross state domestic product of Manipur at market prices was about ₹10,188 crore (US$1.3 billion). Its economy is primarily agriculture, forestry, cottage and trade driven.  Manipur acts as India's "Gateway to the East" through Moreh and Tamu  towns, the land route for trade between India and Burma and other countries in Southeast Asia, East Asia, Siberia, the Arctic, Micronesia and Polynesia. Manipur has the highest number of handicraft units and the highest number of crafts persons in the northeastern region of India

Electricity

Manipur produced about 0.1 gigawatt-hours (0.36 TJ) of electricity in 2010 with its infrastructure.^[ The state has  hydro-electric power generation potential, estimated to be over 2 gigawatt-hours (7.2 TJ). As of 2010, if half of this potential is realized, it is estimated that this would supply 24/7 electricity to all residents, with a surplus for sale, as well as supplying the Burma power grid.

Agriculture

Bamboo Forest

Manipur's climate and soil conditions make it ideally suited for horticultural crops. Growing there are rare and exotic medicinal and  aromatic plants Some cash crops suited for Manipur include  Lychee, Cashew, Walnut, Orange, Lemon, Pineapple, Papaya, Passion Fruit, Peach, Pear, and Plum. The state is covered with over 3,000 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi) of bamboo forests, making it one of India's largest contributor to its bamboo industry.

The agriculture in Manipur includes a number of  smallholding farms, many

of ^{Whom are women.}  Climate change, especially changes in temperature and weather are hurting small farmers in the state. Like  rural women in other parts of the worlds , women in agriculture in Manipur are harmed more by the changes in weather, because of less access to support from local governments.

Lychee chinensis

Lychee Tree

Cashew

Young Cashew nuts

Cashew Tree

Walnut . Juglans regia

Walnut

Purple &Yellow Passion Fruit

Unripe Passion fruit

Passion fruit. Passiflora adulis

Orange Grove

Orange

Pineapple

Lemon

Pineapple. Ananas

Lemon Tree

Papaya

Red Peaches

Peaches

Pear Tree

Peach Flower

Pears

Plum Flower

Plum Ripe Fruit

Plum

Peach Nectarine Fruit

Education

Manipur schools are run by the state and central government or by private organization. Instruction is mainly in English. Under the 10+2+3 plan, students may enroll in general or professional degree programs after passing the Higher Secondary Examination (the grade 12 examination). 
Manipur is home to India's first floating elementary school: Loktak Elementary Floating School in Loktak Lake.

Transportation & Infrastructure

Air

Imphal International Airport is situated in the capital Imphal Imphal which connects direct flights from Imphal Imphal to Kolkata, Guwahati, New Delhi, Bangalore and Agartala.

Imphal Airport

Tulihal Airport, Changangei, Imphal, the only airport of Manipur, connects directly with Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, and Ahartala, It has been upgraded to an  International Airport. As India's second largest airport in the northeast, it serves as a key logistical center for northeastern states. The Tulihal Airport has been renamed Bir Tikendrajit Airport. National Highway NH-39 links Manipur with the rest of the country through the railway stations at Dimapur in Nagaland at a distance of 215 km (134 mi) from Imphal.

Roadways

Manipur is connected to all its neighbouring states with National Highways. 

National High Highway 53 (India) connects Manipur with another railway station at Silchar  in Assam, which is 269 km (167 mi) away from Imphal. The road network of Manipur, with a length of 7,170 km (4,460 mi) connects all the important towns and distant villages. However, the road condition throughout the state is often deplorable. In 2010, Indian government announced that it is considering an Asian infrastructure network from Manipur to  Vietnam. The proposed Trans-Asian Railways. (TAR), if constructed, will pass through Manipur, connecting India  to Burma, Thailand, Malaysia  and Singapore.

Rail

Currently, Manipur has one operational railway station, Jiribam. Imphal railway station, is an under-construction railway station in  Imphal. the capital of Manipur.

Art & Culture

Secular theatre is mostly confined to themes that are not religious; it is performed in the secular or profane spheres. In these are Shumang lila and Phampak lila (stage drama). Shumang lila is very popular. Etymologically Shumang lila is the combination of "Shumang" (courtyard) and "Lila" (play or performance). It is performed in an area of 13×13 ft in the centre of any open space, in a very simple style without a raised stage, set design, or heavy props such as curtains, background scenery, and visual effects. It uses one table and two chairs, kept on one side of the performance space. Its claim as the "theatre of the masses" is underlined by the way it is performed in the middle of an audience that surrounds it, leaving one passage as entrance and exit.

The world of Phampak lila (stage drama) performed in the proscenium theatre is similar, in form, to the Western theatrical model and Indian  Natyashastra model though its contents are indigenous. The so-called modern theatre descended on Manipur theatre culture with the performance of Pravas Milan (1902) under the enthusiastic patronage of Sir Churchand Maharaj (1891–1941). The pace of theatrical movement was geared up with the institution of groups such as Manipur Dramatic Union (MDU) (1930), Arian Theatre (1935), Chitrangada Natya Mandir (1936), Society Theatre (1937), Rupmahal (1942), Cosmopolitan Dramatic Union (1968), and the Chorus Repertory Theatre of Ratan Thiyam (1976). These groups started experimenting with types of plays apart from historical and  Puranas ones. Today Manipur theatre is well respected because of excellent productions shown in India and abroad. Manipur plays, both Shumang lila and stage lila, have been a regular feature in the annual festival of the  National School of Drama, New Delhi.

 Iskcon led by  Bhaktisvarupa Damodara Swami started a network of schools in Northeastern India, where more than 4,000 students receive education centred on Vaishnava spiritual values. In 1989 he founded "Ranganiketan Manipuri Cultural Arts Troupe", which has approximately 600 performances at over 300 venues in over 15 countries. Ranganiketan (literally "House of Colorful Arts") is a group of more than 20 dancers, musicians, singers, martial artists, choreographers, and craft artisans. Some of them have received international acclaim.

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  Manipuri dance, one of eight the classical dances of India

 
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  Thang Ta, the martial art form of Manipur

 
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  Pena is an ancient Manipur musical instrument, particularly popular among the Meitei, the Pangal and the Meitei Christians

 
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  The Chorus Repertory Theatre, Imphal, founded by Ratan Thiyam

Manipur Dance / Ras Lila /Jagoi

Festival. Lai Haraoba 

The Shrine – the main theatre

Manipur dance also known as Jagoi is one of the major  Indian classical Dance form named after the state of Manipur. It is particularly known for its Hindu  Vaishnavism themes, and exquisite performances of love-inspired dance drama of Radha-Krishna called  Ras Lila However, the dance is also performed to themes related to  Shaivism, Shaktism and regional deities such as Umang Lai during  Lai Haraoba The roots of Manipur dance, as with all classical Indian dances, is the ancient  Hindu Sanskrit text  Natya Shastra, but with influences from the culture fusion between India and Southeast Asia, East Asia, Siberia, Micronesia and Polynesia.

Manipur Repertory Theater

The auditorium of the theatre is on the outskirts of Imphal and the campus stretches for about 2 acres (8,100 m²). It has housing and working quarters to accommodate self-sufficiency of life. The theatre association has churned out internationally acclaimed plays like  Chakravyuha and Uttarpriyadashi. Its 25 years of existence in theatre had disciplined its performers to a world of excellence. Chakravyuha taken from the Mahabharat epic had won Fringe Firsts Award, 1987 at the Edinburgh International Theater Festival.  Chakravyuha deals with the story of Abhimanyu (son of Arjun) of his last battle and approaching death, whereas Uttarpriyadashi is an 80-minute exposition of  Emperor Ashoka's redemption.

Amur Falcon

Manipur to celebrate Amur Falcon Festival in Tamenglong district headquarters, 150 km west of Imphal on Nov: The Amur falcon (Falco amurensis) is the world’s longest travelling small raptors of the falcon family. Amur falcons migrate to their wintering grounds in South Africa, usually arriving in large numbers during October in Nagaland and Manipur besides other places in the northeast India undertaking a yearly journey of about 20,000 km. They leave the region in November after having enough food for their non-stop flight to Africa where they spend their winters.

The radio-tagging programme of Amur falcons started in Manipur in 2018 as part of an initiative to conserve wildlife and also to study the route of these long-distance migratory birds and the environmental patterns along the route as India is a signatory to an international agreement on conservation of migratory birds of prey.

Amur falcons usually arrive in large numbers in northeast India during October and leave the region in November after having enough food for their non-stop flight to Africa where they spend their winters. With an objective to spread awareness about protection and conservation of Amur falcon, the world’s longest flying migratory bird, the Manipur forest authority is gearing up for the seventh edition of the Amur Falcon Festival in Tamenglong district headquarters, 150 km west of Imphal on Nov Monday, The day-long festival is generally celebrated in the first or second week of November to strengthen human-nature relationship and acknowledge the importance of this small raptor in the lives of people in the region. After the arrival of the Amur falcon in Tamenglong in the second week of October.

Sports

Mukna . Manipal

Mukna Kangjei (Cane stick)

                                                                          Bamboo Ball

Khuman Lampak Main Stadium in Imphal.

Mukna is a popular form of wrestling. Mukna Kangjei, or Khong Kangjei, is a game which combines the arts of Mukna  (wrestling hockey) and  Kangjei (Cane Stick) to play the ball made of seasoned bamboo roots.

Yubi lakpi is a seven-a-side traditional football game played in Manipur India, using a  Coconut which has some notable similarities to Rugby.  Despite these similarities, the name is not related to the game of rugby or Rugby School  in England, it is in fact of Meitei- Pangal origin, and means literally "coconut snatching". Perhaps this was the root of modern rugby? Most Manipuris are quite adamant that the modern world 'stole' the idea from them and made it into rugby... this game, which has been around for centuries, is so similar to rugby, which evolved a great deal later, that it must be more than a coincidence

Yubi Lakpi/ Coconut snatching

The game is traditionally associated with autochthonous forms of Hinduism. It is said to have started as a ceremonial re-enactment of the celestial snatching of the pot of nectar after the Samundra Manthan An official game is held on the occasion of the Yaoshang Festival of  Shri Shri Govindajee at palace ground and with Royal presence.

Unlike rugby it is an individual sport, not a team one.  Before the start of the game, players rub their bodies with mustard oil and water to make slippery to catch each other. A coconut properly soaked with oil is place in front of the chief guest of the function, known as the "King", who does not take part in the game itself. Before the start the coconut is placed in front of the seat of the "King

• Dress - players are generally barefoot, and wear shorts (a kisi/langot), but not shirts.
• Umpire - The umpire is a senior jatra, who starts the game, and stops fouls.
• Pitch - usually approximately 45 metres long, by eighteen wide, without grass. One side of the pitch forms the central portion of the goal line. It is frequently played on rough, dried mud. Alternatively it can be played on turf.
• Scoring - a player has to approach the goal from the front with his oiled coconut and pass the goal line. The coconut is later offered to the "King".
• Carrying - players are not allowed to hold the coconut against their chest, but have to carry it under their arm.
• Fouling and tackling - Players are not allowed to kick or punch opponents, or to tackle players who do not have the coconut.

Each side has 7 players in a field that is about 45 x 18 metres in area. One end of the field has a rectangular box 4.5 x 3 metres. One side of which forms the central portion of the goal line. To score a goal a player has to approach the goal from the front with his oiled coconut and pass the goal line. The coconut serves the purpose of a ball and is offered to the king or the judges who sit just beyond the goal line. However, in ancient times the teams were not equally matched but the players, with the coconut had to tackle all the rest of the players.

 Royal Association

"The ultimate goal of yubi lakpi... is to present the coconut to the King, or the head of the tribe (as in the original game of buzkashi, where the goat was offered to the King after the match). In modern times, a 'King' is selected to receive the offering. "For this reason, it is a game of individuals where each player is vying to win the coconut and get the reward. In the original games, the King would watch the players to see who was the most skilful, and possessed qualities for the battlefield (as with mukna kanjei [a Manipuri game similar to hockey] and  polo ) Each player therefore wishes to impress." Nowadays the "King" (or "Chief Guest") is often a Sarpanch(Village chief) teacher, or official.

Yubi lakpi is a traditional full contact game played in Manipur,  India, using a coconut, which has some notable similarities to  rugby. Yubi lakpi literally means "coconut snatching". The coconut is greased to make it slippery. There are rules of the game, as with all Manipur sports. The coconut serves the purpose of a ball and is offered to the king, the chief guest or the judges before the game begins. The aim is to run while carrying the greased coconut and physically cross over the goal line, while the other team tackles and blocks any such attempt as well as tries to grab the coconut and score on its own. In Manipur's long history, Yubi lakpi was the annual official game, attended by the king, over the Hindu festival of Shree Govindajee. It is like the game of rugby or American football.

Oolaobi (Woo-Laobi) is an outdoor game mainly played by females. Meitei mythology believes that UmangLai Heloi-Taret (seven deities–seven fairies) played this game on the Courtyard of the temple of Umang Lai Lairembi. The number of participants is not fixed but are divided into two groups (size as per agreement). Players are divided as into Raiders (Attackers) or Defenders (Avoiders). Hiyang Tannaba,  also called Hi Yangba Tanaba, is a traditional boat rowing race and festivity of the Panas

Hiyang Tannaba,

Polo

Manipur Polo Player

Polo

The rules-based Polo game in 19th century Manipur (above), and modern Polo in the 21st century.

Captain Robert Stewart and Lieutenant Joseph Sherer of the British colonial era first watched locals play a rules-based pulu or sagolkangjei (literally, horse and stick) game in 1859. They adopted its rules, calling the game polo, and playing it on their horses. The game spread among the British in Calcutta and then to England.

Apart from these games, some outdoor children's games are fading in popularity. Some games such as Khutlokpi, Phibul Thomba, and Chaphu Thugaibi remain very popular elsewhere, such as in Cambodia. They are played especially during the Khmer New Year.

First of its kind in India, National Sports University will be constructed in Manipur.

Festival

Festivals

The Lai Haraoba, a dance festival showcases the folk dances of Manipur.

The festivals of Manipur are Lui-ngai-ni Ningol Chakouba, Shirui Lily festival, Yaoshang, Gan-ngai, Chumpha, Cheiraoba, Kang and Heikru Hidongba, as well as the broader religious festivals Eid-Ul-Fitr, Eid-Ul-Adha and Christmas. Most of these festivals are celebrated on the basis of the lunar calendar. Almost every festival celebrated in other states of India is observed.

On 21 November 2017, the Sangai Festival 2017 was inaugurated by President Ram Nath Kovind in Manipur. Held for 10 days, the festival is named after Manipur's state animal, the brow-antlered Sangai deer. The Sangai Festival showcases the tourism potential of Manipur in the field of arts and culture, handloom, handicrafts, indigenous sports, cuisine, music and adventure sports.

Ningol Chakouba

Held on 9 November,^[122] this is a social festival of the Meiteis, the Pangal, Meitei Christians and many communities of Manipur where married women (Ningol) are invited (Chakouba, literally calling to a meal; for dinner or lunch) to a feast at their parental house accompanied by their children. Besides the feast, gifts are given to the women/invitees and to their children. It is the festival that binds and revives the family relations between the women married away and the parental family. Nowadays, other communities have started celebrating this kind of a family-bonding festival.

Kut

Held after the Harvest festival in November,^[123][124] this festival predominantly celebrated by Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes in Manipur has become one of the leading festivals of the state. Kut is not restricted to a community or tribe — the whole state populace participates in merriment. On 1 November of every year, the state declared holiday for Kut celebration.

Yaosang

Main article: Yaosang

Held in February or March,^[125] Yaosang is considered to be one of the biggest festivals of Manipur. It is the Holi festival (festival of colour) but Yaosang is the regional name given by the people of Manipur.

Khuado Pawi

Khuado Pawi is the harvest festival of the Tedim people who were recognised as Sukte and Zomi in India and Myanmar respectively. The word Pawi means festival in Tedim Zomi language. It is celebrated every year in the month of September–October after harvesting.^[126]

Cheiraoba is a celebration of the new year during the spring season. People feast (top), then climb up a hill together later in the day to signify overcoming hurdles and reaching new heights in the new year.^[117]

Cheiraoba

Main article: Sajibu Nongma Panba

Also known as Sajibugi Nongma Panba and held in March or April, Cheiraoba is the new year of Manipur.^[117] It is observed on the first lunar day of the lunar month Sajibu (March/April) and so it is also popularly known as Sajibu Cheiraoba. People of Manipur immaculate and decorate their houses and make a sumptuous variety of dishes to feast upon after offering food to the deity on this day. After the feast, as a part of the ritual, people climb hilltops; in the belief that it would excel them to greater heights in their worldly life.^[117]

Gaan-Ngai

Gaan-Ngai is the greatest festival of the Zeliangrong people. It is a five-day festival and is usually performed on the 13th day of the Meitei month of Wakching.

Tourism

Sagol Kanjei Polo Royal Game originated at Manipur 

The tourist season is from October to February when it is often sunny without being hot and humid. The culture features martial arts, dance, theatre and sculpture. Greenery accompanies a moderate climate. The seasonal Shirui Lily plant at Ukhrul (district), Dzuko Valley at Senapati, Sangai (Brow antlered deer) and the Floating islands at Loktak Lake are among the rarities of the area. Polo, which can be called a royal game, originated in Manipur.

Tourist places

Imphal (capital)

A view of Imphal city

Leima Shopping Plaza Imphal

The city is inhabited by the Meitei, who predominate, also Pangals (Manipuri Muslims) and other tribes. The city contains the Tulihal Airport.  The district is divided into East and West. The Khuman Lampak Sports Complex was built for the 1997 National Games. The stadium is used for a sports venue. It also contains a cyclists' velodrome. Most of the imported goods are sold here at its Paona Bazaar, Gambhir Singh Shopping Complex and Leima Plaza. Shree Govindajee Temple, Andro village, and the Manipur State Museum are in the city.

The Khuman Lampak Sports Complex

                                            

Velodrome

A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve.

Paona Bazaar Manipur

Gambhir Singh Shopping Complex

Manipur State Museum

Shree Govindajee Temple Imphal

Lakes and islands

Rare birds and flowers include: Nongin^[93] is the state bird (top) and Siroi Lily^[94] is its state flower (middle). Leimaram falls, bottom, is a local attraction.

48 km (30 mi) from Imphal, lies the largest fresh water lake in northeast India, the Loktak Lake, a miniature inland sea. There is a tourist bungalow atop Sendra Island. Life on the lake includes small islands that are floating weed on which live the lake people, the blue waters of the lake, and colourful water plants. There is a Sendra tourist home with an attached cafeteria in the middle of the lake. Floating islands are made out of the tangle of watery weeds and other plants. The wetland is swampy and is favourable for a number of species. It is in the district of Bishnupur. The etymology of Loktak is "lok = stream / tak = the end" (End of the Streams).^[55] Sendra park and resort is opening on the top of Sendra hills and attracting the tourist.

Largest fresh water lake in North East

Andro village, near Imphal, Manipur

A must do if one is in Imphal. This is the only legitimate place near Imphal where rice wine is made in most households. One can go inside the houses of the friendly locals and observe the entire process. At the end of the visit one can pick up liquor.

Hills and Valleys

Kaina is a hillock about 921 metres (3,022 ft) above sea level. It is a sacred place for Manipuri Hindus. The legend is that, Shri Govindajee appeared in the dream of his devotee, Shri Jai Singh Maharaja, and asked the saintly king to install in a temple, an image of Shri Govindajee. It was to be carved out of a  Jack fruit tree, which was then growing at Kaina. It is 29 km (18 mi) from Imphal. The Dzuko Valley is in Senapati district bordering with Kohima. There are seasonal flowers and number of flora and fauna. It is at an altitude of 2,438 metres (7,999 ft) above sea level, behind Mount Japfu in Nagaland. The rare Dzüko lily is found only in this valley.

Dzuko lily

Waterfalls

Sadu Chiru waterfall is near Ichum Keirap village 27 km (17 mi) from Imphal, in the Sadar hill area, Senapati district. This consists of three falls with the first fall about 30 metres (98 ft) high. Agape Park is in the vicinity.

3 . Loktak Lake : 

Circular floating Swamps Phumdis  these days, these are also being created artificially for fishing.

The best view is from an airplane or a drone.

.Stepping onto a Phundi is akin to stepping on the Moon .Amazing feeling.

enjoyed the amazing sight of flying ducks

 the vast water body amongst the Hills. Experience the sunrise view from the view point over the Sundra islands in the center of the lake.

The lake at night is a glowing spectacle..... fairy lights of the fishing boats, dot the horizon.....The lake at night is a glowing spectacle..... fairy lights of the fishing boats, dot the horizon.....

 it really is spectacular especially from the view point at Tanga Karang hill top.

Spread over 300 sq km sweet water lake is a beauty to watchSpread over 300 sq km sweet water lake is a beauty to watch

 this lake is unique for its floating grass islands on which a rare specie of goat is found. 

Water is around 20 feet deep .

another interesting thing are the man-made circles floating islands created for fishing. the best view of these could be seen when approaching Imphal by flight.

The lake looks so beautiful especially at evening time just before sunset.it is the pride of manipur.The lake looks so beautiful especially at evening time just before sunset.it is the pride of manipur.

This is why the lake held not a single water bird, other than the kingfisher I encountered. Once this region was home to so many endemic bird species, but they are all consumed. 

foods not available properly

Boat ride in the early morning is highly recommend.

For tourists attractions motor boats ride ( Rs. 500, 700, 1000/-) take a group of 4-6 near these houses. It's enjoyable but also dangerous. There's no government regulating authority nearby to cater for emergency situation.

inhabited by numerous farmers living on rice and fish grown on the floating plots. It is place to be seen to experience this wonderful creation of nature.

It is a sight to behold from the top of the hillock from where one can see the huge lake and its floating vegetation or phumdis. Boat ride is a must where you can go to one of the floating islands for tea. It also has 2 guest rooms for those who want to stay. Cost rupees 1000 per person per day with meals!

The homestay on Loktak lake is indeed beautiful but before you book through any site certain things are not clear such as common toilet (which is not a problem), the breakfast served is of very less amount (2pieces of bread and omlette) and the owner Mr.Ashok though a helpful person doesn't inform you in the beginning that whenever you move out of the homestay to the main land of course by boat rowed by the caretaker of the homestay ,you will be charged100rs person once going and then coming back. We ended paying him 600 once we left for sightseeing. You don't have any option of going to main land apart from using the boat.Otherwise, the homestay is pretty good but do carry some mosquito repellent because it is difficult to enjoy the beauty without this. Also the caretaker being a tribal person is difficult to communicate with.

One of the most beautiful places to visit in Manipur, Loktak Lake is the largest fresh water lake in India. It is located at a distance of about 50 km from the capital city Imphal, in the valley of Imphal. The lake along with the Sendra Island, which is a floating island that is made of organic waste, presents unparalleled scenic beauty and is an absolute must-visit.

There are many other floating islands on the lake that are a source of sustenance for the nearby fishing villages. However, in recent times, the lake has been undergoing shrinkage due to thoughtless human encroachment although the government is taking measures to preserve and protect these treasures in the ecosystem.

Location: Bishnupur district, Imphal

Timing: 8:00 AM – 6:00 PM

 This iconic lake, located in Bishnupur district, at a distance of 53 km from Imphal, is known for its circular floating swamps (called phumdis in the local language). The term phumdis refers to a collection of heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil, and organic matter at various stages of decomposition. Resembling miniature islands, these phumdis are found in various forms, floating on the lake.

Covering an area of 300 square metres, the lake is a lifeline for many people. It serves as a source of water for hydropower generation, irrigation and drinking water supply in the region, other than being the source of income for many fishermen who largely depend on it. Children of the fishermen can even be seen playing and running around on these phumdis.

 

.Nearby such as INA War Museum, Moirang Japanese War Memorial, Red Hill, Loukoipat Ecological Park and many more.

Within the lake where u can arrange for freshly caught fish to be grilled .. for a relaxing lunch

Boat facility is available and run by locals. People are nice around and helpful 

The World’s Only Floating National Park Is Located in India. And It Is Amazing. Lake as a mother, the source of all life. Can some one kill his mother to survive. Largest fresh water lake in North East. 40 floating home stays available. Lake's uniqueness and the sheer number of  bird species would attract tourist. Loktak means where streams meet or end. The oval shaped water body is designated as a wetland  of international importance. and is located  about 40 km  South of Imphal. The lake is recognized as an "important Bird area" site  considering the wide diversity of migratory and local resident avi- fauna and waterfowl population. With some species arriving here for their winter stay from as far  as Europe and China.

Waterfowl species of Loktak Ramsar

The future of the lake now under fresh scrutiny as notice have been to be given 15 days to remove theor homestays, huts and Athaphum (circular fish culture pond), failing which they would be dismentled.. It's motive, according to the notice, was to protect the lake.

Collecting fish from Athaphum or fish ring Manipur

Loktak has 1000 floating homes, local are up in arms. "If homestays are demolished we'll losing our source of livelihood as they have no other option here.

The history of lake 

Folk lore has it that it was on Loktak's shores that tha beloved Meitei princess Thoibi and fell in love with Khamba and their timeless romance came to life. Poubi Lai, A mythical creature integral to the  Meitei (the dominant local tribe) belief system is believed to reside in the heart of the lake. For Manipuri's the lake is Loktak Lairembi (Goddess Loktak) and for the thousands of fishermen who depend on her for their livelihood, she is ema (mother). Moirang town on its banks was the headquarters of  the Indian National Army where they established a provisional independent government after defeating the British , according to the local historians.

Before 1908 the unique lake was a  mesh of about 20 odd wet lands separated by solid mass, which merged with each other during the monsoon and separated during drier periods. As year passed, the mass between the wetlands reduces and the lake got helmed by phumdi (a floating assortment of soil, vegetation and organic matter at various stages of decay. The phumdi clumped together to form islands that move around  freely on the lake, their shapes and size morphing through the year.

Meitel fishermen, who have inhabited the religion for centuries build their houses (phumsang) on top of phumdi and carve out the athaphum by cutting the phumdi into rectangular steps, tying them together, and arranging them in a circle. After drivers anchor it with heavy rocks, a huge net is cast within the athaphum, and left for any where between15 days to 2 months. Fish in the athaphum are fed rice and the husk of grains. The entire community comes together on the day of the catch, which can be a day long festival.

Like any living organism the phumdis' life cycle is regulated by the seasonal fluctuations in water level.

The Meitei fishermen get rid of the dying biomass by burning the phumdi in heaps and during rains, they cut up phumdi strips ensuring that the lake stays in good health and is conductive for the fish to spawn.(of a fish, frog, mollusc, crustacean, etc.) release or deposit eggs.

"the fish spawn among fine-leaved plants")

Ecological threat

385 km of Loktak basin was found to be covered with waterbodies., locally called pats, and the most important of them was Loktak Lake spread over 287 sq km. The lake is 26 km long and 13 km wide with an average dept of 2.7 meters.

Loktak lake has a centripetal drainage drainage system. All the major channels in the basin drain into the lake., which is sub basin of the  Manipur river basin, with a direct catchment area of 980 sq km and an indirect catchment of 7,157 sq km. The flood plains of Manipur River basin are fed by 8 main rivers- the Imphal, Iril, Thoubal, Kongba, Heirok, Sekmai, Nambul and Khuga- and the lake by two main rivers, the Nambol and Nambul besides other feeder streams. The natural flow ensures cleansing of the lake system.

The primary reason for this decay according to the expert is  the Lthai Barrage commissioned in 1983 on the Manipur river basin. which controlled the outflow of the water into the lake during dry seasons, altering the lake's hydrology Lthai barrage impounds the Manipur river basin just below the confluence of the Imphal river and the Tuitha river south of Loktak lake and is part of the Loktak hydro electric project that supplies hydropower to the seven North Eastern States.

Over time the dam has affect4d water flow into the lake and caused harm to the aquatic ecology. The fresh water floe was further reduced as the Heirok and Sekmai rivers were isolated. from the lake through engineering interventions and diversions by state government over the last two decades. While the water level in the lake, before the barrage construction was around 3.1 meters during dry season.. The post barrage level fluctuations have reduced to about 1.4 meters. The barrage has also caused situation of the lake bed. In 2017 the Manipur government urged the center to consider decommissioning of the barrage. The center is yet to decide on the plea. According to the state government official considering the 750 MV plant provides power to several North Eastern states. 

As the "lake was on the brink of fading into oblivion" due to some short sighted decisions taken 39 years ago. The basin provides valuable eco system services to the region such as water, food, fodder, fuel, timber and other wetland products., as well as supporting many species of flora and fauna. But its decay has been phenomenon in recent years. As a result people living around the lake began to take up alternative means of livelihood including opening homestays.

Champu Khangpok- A floating village in Manipur.

The crackdown

On July 18 there was an order to removal of all the athaphum, huts or homes on the phumdis within the premises of Loktak lake excluding Champu Khangpok in 15 days. The reason given in the order was  tha this was to rejuvenate the ecological condition of the Loktak Lake and delist it from the Montreux record, a register of wet land sites on the Ramsar list which need restoration. The order also said that "exponential rise" in the number of athaphum houses (home stays) and huts have put the lake at risk impacting the natural environment adversely.

There are around 40 floating homestays in Loktak. In 2006 nearly 700=800 houses on phumdis were burnt down after their occupants refused to vacate them responding to  a similar notice.

The Keibul Lamjao National Park

In the southern part of the lake is only floating national park in the country and home to the endangered  Manipur brow Antlered Deer

                                                Sangai or Manipur's brow Antlered Deer

1 . Singda Dam (Imphal)

The highest mud dam in the world is the Singda Dam. But car is not allowed inside the dam unless you requested for. Walking will be little bit straineous as you have to climbed up. Once you reached the top of the dam, you will be gifted with magnificent natural beauty of Manipur Valley and water lake.

he Singda Dam is the world's highest mud dam, which is located 16 kilometers from Imphal, the capital city. The trip to the dam is scenic, with rice fields and beautiful green hills in the background. With its gorgeous views and relative serenity, it is a favorite picnic and hiking destination

The water in the dam-created lake is quiet and peaceful, evoking a sense of calmness within. The dam, which is 920 meters above sea level and overlooks a gorgeous lake, is a multipurpose irrigation project.

Location: Imphal, Manipur\

2 . Shree Govindjee Temple

 We liked the temple a lot. Evening Aarati at 4 PM was worth visiting..The arathy at 5 AM- 10 AM, 12 noon & 5 PM are the best time to visit the temple. Donot miss arathy time. Follow the rules

Make sure that you take the Bhojan Prasad which is given in traditional Manipuri style around 11 am every day. Its a feast with the temple staff serving you with delicacies.It is a divine experience to attend the aarti here. Aarti timings seems to be available at local hotels.

only konung in Manipur,here u can worship , a place which exist in ancient history.but it is secret area. The largest temple in Manipur

its marble flooring, it is architecturally interesting too. It is located next to the palace of the former rulers of the Manipur Kingdom. The temple is simple in design with two gold plated domes, a paved court and a large, raised congregation hall. The central chamber of the sanctum has the main deity of Govindaji and his consort Radha. 

We visited it in the evening in the golden light of the setting sun as the rays lit up the domes and the sound of prayer surrounded us.....

One immediately feels the peace on reaching here.
Advised not to have breakfast on the day. You have to book the Bhojan Prasad in advance by paying Rs 120 each. You will not find such food anywhere else.

There are timings of prayers and rituals and trip can be planned accordingly. The idols of Krishna, Balaram and Subhadra are beautiful. However before going enquire into the timings of Aarti.  inner sanctum is closed and will open at 3.30 pm. 

Also must do is to eat the sit down lunch/Prasad after the morning aarti....authentic Vegetarian Manipuri cuisine served on Peepal leaves by the priests ...the leftover food left for the birds to eat....truly a unique experience!!!

We reached there at 3.30 when the aarti had just started. However after the Aarti the door is closed and y ou have to wait for the next aarti timing to see the idols. So enquire the timings for the Aarti so that you can get a darshan of the idols or else you will have to just see the temple from inside without the Darshan. The temple compound has few big metal bells made in 1936.

The temple was built during the time of Maharaj Nara Singh in 1842 but got damaged in earth quake of year 1868 due to which restoration work again completed in year 1869. It's located inside the premises of Kangla Fort itself. A good place to visit if you are in Imphal & more advantage it's located inside Kangla Fort premises.

The temple is made in traditional Manipuri style with the main temple covered with a layer of pure gold. The main idol installed is of Radha Krishna in the middle, Krishna Balram on the left and Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra on the right

The main deity is Shree Krishna in almost all his 'Rupas'.Devotees pray to Shri Krishna with lotus flowers which are available in abundance.

 Visit with an open mind and be receptive, for the place has a very strong vibration. Pick a spot in any part of the compound or in the "Mantop" and sit for a while, meditate and soak it all in. The peaceful, calming and devotionally filled environment will lift your spirit. Ideal time to visit is in the morning or evening. Aartis are held every hour in the morning till 10 am and sandhya aarti in the evening. You can pre-book for prasad (lunch) and have a wholesome vegetarian meal.

 I This is one of oldest temple.  is constructed in the Nagara style of architecture.. very traditional ...the prayers offered were very soothing and the music by local instruments was real good ...the double SHAANK played was too good

Shri Govindjee Temple is beautiful and huge. The aura here is super. Arti is done in a different style which is wonderful.A very nice place where you see people in the traditional attire and simple beautiful look in the surroundings. Clean and maintained well!
There is local food also served there. Witnessed the Sandhya Arati and the Sankirtan! situated next to the royal palace. It has an unique architecture with domes on top which is not common elsewhere. It painted with white exudes a feeling of purity and peace. It has a large complex with the temple and a big hall , may be for functions. It is considered a sacred place by the Hindus.

Idols are extremely beautiful. Lord Krishna is seen with His disciples in this temple.

Like many temples in India, this is also surrounded by dirt, plastic bottles all around. Why the management of the Temple cannot keep the surrounding from the entrance clean is a mystery. Hence I like to visit only Ramkrishna Math and Iscon Temples where you feel the presence of God.

Located near the royal palace, Shree Govindajee temple is one of the main places to visit in Manipur. The well contrasted Golden Twin dome . Temple has been built in the Nagara style of architecture and is dedicated to Shree Govindjee and but housed the idol of several Hindu deities including a lord Krishna, Lord Jagannath  Lord Balaram, Goddess Radha, Goddess Balabhadra and Goddess Subhadra. The temple structure looks majestic in pristine white and was the historic center of the Vaishnavite Mornings are the best time to visit the temple when the morning aarti ritual takes place with worship of the deities. The peace and quiet here provides an ideal set up for meditation. Location: Near Royal Palace, Imphal

4 . Kangla Fort/Palace

This place is the usp of manipur. Lovely beautiful landscaping They also have karts at reasonable prices for going around this vast area inside the main gates. Also present is a memorabilia shop.

Highly recommended!!

A ticket is required to enter the Fort, that can be purchased at the entrance, which also has some parking space. There is a visitor centre once you enter the fort, where you can purchase local handicrafts and hire a bicycle or a golf cart, if you are not comfortable walking.The Fort is spic and span.

There is lots to see in the Fort starting from the quaint gate .You are greeted by the statue of a Manipuri King on one side and a plaque commemorating the Assam Rifles the Indian paramilitary force which inhabited the Fort for some decades. Besides the temples and other cultural attractions the Fort also has the cottage of British Field Marshall Slim.
Do not miss the Fort for anything.

Entry fees and guide required. It has a museum inside. take a guided tour in the golf cart@Rs 150. . Can have tea/coffee/snacks at a cafeteria inside. Even with the battery car it would take you about an hour to go around, take pictures, pause at various locations and savour the peace and quiet.

Don't be confused, its called Kangla Palace instead. Located in Kangla and can be entered from 2 sides. 

This is the fort of the kings of Manipur existing since 33AD and also houses old Govindaji temple, pakhangba temple, snake boat and a museum.

We rented out a buggy with a tour guide for 150 rupees per head. Since the compound was quite big, it was nice to sit and enjoy the views of the compound. However, it was in the cold winter morning which was why we felt kind of cold while riding the open air buggy. The tour guide was nice and even offered to take pictures of us near the attractions. The museum was very interesting and had many old photographs of the Kings of Manipur and some of the British colonial hats and other items. The fort itself was a beautiful structure. There were so many different historical sites but as we didn't have much time we only skimmed through them. I would definitely recommend visiting Kangla Fort but coming during 12pm as some of the caretakers of the attractions come a bit late and it is very cold during winter mornings.

it is very cold during winter morning.

The lush green grass with picturesque trees all around the concrete Helipad is a sight in itself.200 year old fort and palace of Manipuri kings boasts of a natural defence created by large water channels all around it. It has large historical sites including an excavation where 3000 year old structures were found by archaelogiists. General Slim's cottage and remains of old fort and remains of an ancient Govindaji temple within this huge complex are some of worth seeing places.

This fort in the downtown of Imphal city is sorrounded by moats with water from the Imphal river. It’s a large area with big trees and well maintained lawns.

Being one of the famous tourist places in Manipur, Kangla Fort holds a special place of reverence among the people of Manipur as it is an embodiment of the state’s glory and rich historical past. This ancient capital had been the seat of Manipur’s power till 1891 and is a scintillating representation of the different rulers that reigned over this magical land. It is also a reflection of the people of Manipur, their way of life, culture and tradition.

Located in the heart of Imphal, the fort used to adorn both sides of the River Imphal, however, with the passage of time, only a few remnants can be seen now on the western end of the river bank. Today, it continues to house a few shrines that are held in high regard by people of the surrounding north eastern states as well.

Location: Kangla, Imphal

Timing: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM

5 . Imphal Valley

Amazing view of green Paddy fields spreads out on both sides of the road ImphaThe imphal valley has beautiful landscape and a visual treat to the eyes. The greenery and cattle grazing all around the place is something you dont get to see anymor

Manipur is a very beautiful place I have seen as the state is surrounded by mountain range and in between the lush green valleys are magnificent. You need nothing to pay the beauty of nature.

If you are a nature lover, imphal Valley should not be missed, 

While driving down this road, you will surely wonder if this is part of India ! Absolutely clean spotless roads, and green hills with clouds settled over them will accompany you throughout your journey. Its truly breathtaking !

Mesmerizing anti-snow valley

There are clouds just above you and its like walking in the clouds. It is a great place to go for nature loversThere are clouds just above you and its like walking in the clouds. It is a great place to go for nature lovers

surprisingly tall trees. The people here are awesome as well. it is home to a vibrant coummnities that stay in harmony.  It is a cradle of creation and is filled with jewel like LIGHT.

 The run rises around 4.30 am and the markets close around 6.30pm here.Moreh is your destination within India and across the border is Tamu.

Moirang, in the close proximity is where the flag of the Indian National Army was first unfurled on April 14 ,1944.The museum containing letters pictures of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose are a rare display of our history.

The Manipuris are very friendly, helpful and disciplined. Insurgents have become inactive. Climate is pleasant. So! Why wait? Visit Imphal and it's surrounding in Manipur.

Imphal Valley, an oval shaped canyon, makes for a marvelous sight when you are visiting Manipur. It has been formed as a result of drainage of several little rivers draining their water here. These rivers largely originate from the surrounding hills and include rivers like, River Iril, Imphal, Khuga, Thoubal and Sekmai.

The entire valley spans across an expansive area of 1843 sq km, almost one tenth of the total area of the state of Manipur. Visitors here bundle up this trip with their tour of the southern part of this valley which is home to several lakes and swamps. The Imphal Valley has several attractions, both natural and manmade, like the Palace of Kangla, the Polo Ground and the Manipur State Museum.

6 . Shirui  Kashung

Beautiful Shirui Lily

The majestic Shirui Hills form an integral part of the famous Shiri-Kashong range and are home to the state flower of Manipur, the rare Shirui Lily. The Shirui Hill Range is the only place where the pinkish white wonders bloom only for a few short months starting the middle of May each year.

Iris

Hiking to the top of the hill. The flower blooms for a short period of time during the months of May and June. it is the place good for the trekkers as the trek is too tough to mount

This rare flower is the recipient of several prestigious awards including one by the Royal Horticultural Society, when it was presented at one of their flower shows held in London. Besides the Shirui Lily, these mountains are graced by thousands of other varieties of flowers like orchids, rhododendrons like horamwon, sirawon, shirungwon, khongwon, phanwon, tipkhawon and other natural herbs.

Location: North of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district

7. Santhei Natural Park

One of the most important Manipur tourist places, Santhei Natural Park, is a favorite attraction site for locals and tourists. People are frequently seen sprawled in the park's emerald greenery or enjoying a small family lunch in the gorgeous surroundings.

The locals came up to assist in establishing this park in order to conserve the environment and encourage rational use of natural resources. Andro residents first constructed a reservoir in the foothills, then developed the Santhei Natural Park around it. An artificial dam has been built here to provide public water while also adding to the natural beauty of the area.

Location: Kharam Leikai, Andro, Manipur

Timing: 6.00 AM - 6.00 PM

8 . Keibul Lamjao National Park

Eco Tourism

Sangai Dancing deer of Manipur.  it has a habit of waiting and looking back at viewers

Eld's Deer. Thamin. Brow Antlered Deer

 Keibul Lamjao National Park, 48 km (30 mi) away from Imphal is an abode of the rare and endangered species of Brow Antlered deer. This ecosystem contains 17 rare species of mammals. It is the only floating national park of the world. Six kilometres (3.7 mi) to the west of  Imphal,  at the foot of the pine growing hillocks at Iroisemba on the Imphal-Kangchup Road are the Zoological Gardens. Some  brow antlered deer  (Sangai) are housed there.

The deer are generally of medium size and are similar to the size and shape of the related  barasingha (R. duvaucelli). The species has a very regal and graceful Cervus - like physique. Its legs are thin and long, and has a long body with a large head on a thin neck. The throat of a male has a thick mane of long hair. Males (stags) are taller and heavier than the females (hinds or does). Their coats, rough and coarse, change colour with the season; in  summer  the colour is reddish-brown, while in ,winter,  it turns dark brown, with males tending to be darker than the females. The tail is short in length and the rump has no distinct patch. Despite these features, they are actually related to the  Pere David's deer. The antlers, bow- or lyre shaped, do not grow upwards, but tend to grow outwards and then inwards; a smaller branch grows towards the front of the head. The brow tines are especially long and noticeable. The brow-antlered deer is so named because they have long  brow tines, The antlers of Eld's deer are structurally different from those of  barasingha but have similarities to those of  Pere Davis's deer, consistent with the genetic relationship. They shed their antlers every year, with the largest size attained during the breeding season.

 Sangai,this animals are beautiful for their horns and gentleness

First things first - You need to take special permission to visit the national park beforehand. 
You can't just walking! Ensure that you reach the national park in the early hours of the day because it's situated in a cut off area from the main city (Moirang is the nearest town) and is prone to infiltration activities.
The forest officials will guide you inside the national park. Pls carry a set of binoculars because you will not be able to see the famous dancing deer "Sangai" from close distance. They are very shy in nature and can be viewed from specific view points.

Two more attractions can also be covered with Keibul Lamjao - 1. Not to be missed - Loktak Lake, and 2. INA Museum, Moirang.

  

Situated about 10 min drive from Mourani Bazaar in Bishnupur district of Manipur.. Situated on the phumdis of Loktake Lake.. It is the only home of endangered dancing deer Sangai.you can spot Sangai by binoculars.From watch tower.

The vehicle is allowed uphill. You can stay there and feel the silence of forest with a great view of the entire park. Food vending is not done inside the park. So pack your stuff and enjoy a full day. 

There are many migratory birds visiting this area during winters.

Also visit Sendra, nearby village, and do climb up the hill, from where you get an amazing view of the loktak lake and the fish farms.

the phumdi floats with 4/5 part under water, standing on the floating vegetation was quite an exciting feeling. It is always useful to take along the park tour guide who shows you around and render useful information about the park

At the watch tower of the park the guide helps to spot the deer and one can watch it through the binocular, though I would like to say there is one binocular which gives a little hazy vision of the animal.  In the national park one can also travel in a boat to see around the park,, but one has to wait since it is a one-way boat service in the narow water body lane.

To get a feel of the floating sanctuary you must take a boat ride. While meandering through the narrow waterway you can get down and jump on the ground to experience the floating nature which is a unique experience.

. Wild boar and different species of birds are also found here.. You can also have the experience of boat ride through the channels between phumdis.. It's difficult to spot dear among the tall grasses.. But it is really a wonderful experience...
Entrance fee Rs.300 per person, Car Rs.100, Camera Rs.50 per still camera...

A morning sojourn. best time to visit is early morning. The entry fee is nominal, and the guide was extremely helpful and knowledgeable.The entry fee is nominal, and the guide was extremely helpful and knowledgeable. He provided binoculars and a telescope for us, and took us on a short trip on the narrow boat.

 to the hilltop through a winding road.There is a view point on top to see the Sangai deer , found only in the area. We could see two at a distance.7 kilometers away from Loktak lake.area 40 km sq however most of the land is floating.You can go to watch tower by car, cycle or even by walking to have a view from the top. Boat ride option is also there. Scenic beauty from watch tower is awesome.

 or late in the evening. this is because the Sangai deer can be spotted during those time. Take a canoe ride in the waters of the floating national park. It is an experience. They give you a chance to feel the floating park by getting down at the end point. Be careful, be light footed or else you may have your leg inside the water. But dont miss it.

 The national park is basically made of elephant grass. To identify the Sangai Deer (available only here) you have to reach observatory point which is a hill top. You can get washrooms also at observatory point. To enjoy the floating park you must need to do the boat ride run by two unemployed manipuri boy. You need entry tickets to enter the park.

However, the highlight and purpose of this visit is to spot the state animal of Manipur, which is the Sangai deer (also called the dancing deer) which is found only in Manipur and which, sadly, faces the danger of extinction as its main habitat (the phumdis) have steadily started to degenerate due to human intervention.

Although there are a few boats in the Loktak in the national park itself, which take you through the Phumdi, it might not really be the best way to see the deer as these animals are shy and too scared to venture out anywhere close to noise and humans. Therefore, it is advisable to carry good binoculars or borrow one from the local at the watch tower (at around Rs. 10 pp) and try to spot the beautiful Sangai from the watch tower. Although difficult, it's not at all impossible (I managed to spot 2-3 of them!).

Depending on one's interest and patience in spotting the Sangai , the time spent at the watch tower of the national Park can range from 15 mins to 1 hour, no food or drink is available, so it's advisable to carry your snacks /water bottles. There's plenty of shade at the watch tower and one can comfortably sit there.

The largest of all the phumdis covers an area of 40 km2 (15 sq mi) and is situated on the southeastern shore of the lake. Located on this phumdi, Keibul Lamjao National Park is the only floating national park in the world. The park is the last natural refuge of the endangered Sangai (state animal), Rucervus eldii eldii or Manipur brown-antlered deer (Cervus eldi eldi), one of three subspecies of Eld's deer

This ancient lake plays an important role in the economy of Manipur. It serves as a source of water for hydropower generation, irrigation and drinking water supply. The lake is also a source of livelihood for the rural fishermen who live in the surrounding areas and on phumdis, also known as "phumshongs". Human activity has led to severe pressure on the lake ecosystem.

It is a surprise how these people stay in such floating houses with the barest minimum facilities /amenities.

Has an unusual and interesting National Park

In one part of Loktak Lake is the Keibul Lamjoa National Park. This little visited park is unusual because it consists of over 40 square kilometres of floating vegetation. The vegetation forms a mat about a metre thick which bounces as you walk on it. Its main claim to fame is that it is the last natural home of the rare Sangai deer, the national animal of Manipur. There is a hilltop viewpoint overlooking the vegetation, and from it we were lucky enough to see three of the deer, one of which stayed in full view for a good 10 minutes and was close enough to see all its features with binoculars. We also saw a wild boar in the distance. We were told the best time to see the deer is in early morning, so we did well as we were there in late morning. We also took a short boat ride through the vegetation. This was worth doing to see it close up and to have a chance to stand on it. Overall we'd rate this National Park as 5*.

The main part of Loktak Lake is unusual and striking, but seen at its best from the air. We passed over it as we flew into Imphal, and had another good view down on to it when we stopped for coffee at a hilltop hotel. The short boat trip we took on the lake, though, was disappointing: just a short straight run from the jetty to a semi-derelict building on an island and back. It allowed us to see the floating vegetation and a fishing boat close up, but that's all. Unlike Inle Lake in Myanmar, there's no human activity on the lake apart from fishing boats and the occasional fisherman's hut.

This unique park also happens to be one of the most famous tourist places in Manipur because it is the only floating national park on earth. Located on the Loktak Lake, the Keibul Lamjao National Park remains the only natural habitat for the Sangai, popularly known as the dancing deer of Manipur.

If you are a wildlife enthusiast, this is a place you must visit to get a close view of this unique creature amid its natural surroundings and wetland ecosystem. You can also catch a glimpse of other wildlife here including the hog deer, otter, huge numbers of water fowls as well as rare migratory birds which fly here during the months of November through March.

Location: Keibul Lamjao Rd, Manipur

Timing: 7:30 AM to 5:30 PM

10 . Khangkhui Cave

Natural caves

Thalon Cave (around 910 metres (2,990 ft) above sea level) is one of the historical sites of Manipur under Tamenglong district.  It is around 185 kilometres (115 mi) from the state capital and around 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Tamenglong district headquarters in north side. From Thalon village, this cave is 4–5 kilometres (2.5–3.1 mi). Khangkhui Cave is a natural limestone cave in Ukhrul district. The big hall in the cave is the darbar hall of the Devil King living deep inside while the northern hall is the royal bedroom, according to local folklore. During World War II, villagers sought shelter here. This cave is an hour's trek from Khangkui village.

The approaching road is too damaged and travelling on these roads is too tiresome therefore the enjoyment generally gets lost on the roads.

We were in Ukhrul for two nights and three days. We were glad we went to the Khangkhui caves on our second day. The road is very, very uneven, but the drive (4x4 vehicle is a must) was worth every bump and jump. Just outside the Khangkhui (old) villahe, there is a river (which looks more like a spring) with the bed of rocks. Our driver was coming there for the first time, so he was driving a bit slowly and avoiding a curve. The vehicle slipped on the slope out of the stream, slid back into the bed of rocks, and the tyres burned by high-speed spinning while stuck. Some village residents came by and placed supports at the rear wheels, while one of them took the car back, and at a high speed took a curved exit out of the water and past the slope. It was thrilling! That was just the entry into the village, though. Then our trek to the caves began. These are wonderful lime caves with lovely patterns made by the Time itself.One of the four was too tough for us to get into. One of the remaining three was tough enough for only those with high physical fitness and strength.One of the remaining two was pitch dark, although the walk into it was flat, it was thrilling.

Natural Limestone Caves,in all 5 caves is worth a visiting place for the sheer natural surroundings and the variety which these caves have to offer.

Its a day trip start from Ukhrul at 7 am and one can reach back by 4

How to Reach : Around 40 kms drive from Ukhrul on a built up road via Finch Corner and Shanshak takes you to a point from where there is another 3-4 Kms off road drive (which may need a 4*4 capable vehicle if going in rainy season). this off road drive takes you to the village car stop. From there its a 2 Km trek through a jungle track to reach up to the Caves.
Do start early in the morning since it does get pretty hot and humid during the trek.

The Caves : the 1st cave has an easy access and has good room inside. has peculiar stalactites and stalagmites growing.one can fell the wet Limestone and its smell.
the 2nd cave has a steep downward slope and is entered through a small opening a top its roof using a rope if you are carrying one. (avoid entering in rainy season)

the 3 rd Cave gives the most exciting experience.it has a small windowed entrance. one has to literally be on all fours to negotiate its turns inside. it gives the real feel of entering a real treacherous cave. pitch dark inside, with narrow bends, water running along its roof. it took us 20-25 minutes inside this cave to reach a point where the cave bifurcated into two narrow and shallow lanes.

the 4 th cave is huge hallway kind of structure and is the roomiest of all.

the 5 th cave is located some distance 100 mts away from the others and is akin to the 2nd cave but doesn't go as deep as the 2nd one

it is a less visited place so the chances are you might be the only ones traveling on the day. some local nepali people go there for worshiping considering the stalagmites as symbolic of lord Ganesha

There is paucity of directions throughout this path so one must seek help of locals regarding the route.
Also dress light as one would for a trek.
Carry ample drinking water and some snacks since after there is just one shop at the roadhead. leaving which the coming and going back upto the road head takes 3 to 4 hrs

Carry bright torch and flashlights.
Most importantly while in Manipur travel Safe.

One of the popular Manipur tourist places, this natural limestone cave draws visitors from all around. Located in the Ukhrul district of Manipur, the Khangkhui Cave holds special historical significance because of the discoveries made here that are evidence of habitations here of communities from the Stone Age.

                                                

Apart from hordes of regular tourists, these caves attract researchers and archaeologists from all over the country as well as outside it. When visiting inside the cave, you can spot huge sediments of limestone formations, some of which hang from the ceiling while others grow from the ground. The mystical cave comprises five tunnels and two large chambers which give a unique mystical experience to visitors.

Location: 3C34+5VG, Khangkhui Khullen Ukhrul district

Timing: 5:00 AM – 5:00 PM

11 . Nillai Tea Estate

The state has its share of lush green tea plantations that make for some of the most interesting places to visit in Manipur. The Nillai Tea garden is no different and gives you an opportunity to explore the expansive tea estate and partake of some of the most aromatic flavors of black and green teas that are grown here.

Situated in the Hallui Hills, tourists visit here for a guided tour of the estate, as well get an insight into the process of making tea. You will see the process of hand plucking tea leaves which are then sun dried and put through a natural process by locals. The unique aspect about the green tea here is that you can only taste its authentic flavor after it is boiled twice.  

Location: 58HV+8QM, Hallui, Manipur

Timing: 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM

11 Khayang Peak

There are several famous attractions in Manipur and its Ukhrul area offers some of the most picturesque ones including the Khayang Peak. The exceptional landscapes here offer stunning views which will leave you mesmerized. There are also several outdoor adventure sports on offer here which makes it a great attraction for thrill seekers.

Khayang Peak, at a height of 3,114 m above sea level, is regarded as one of the highest mountain peaks of the region.

place is nice except the road condition and the people carrying guns in their hands as some insurgency going on there

Visited Ukhrul in March this year...a very uncommon destination in India...it is the habitation of warrior Nagas...very serene place and we were the only tourists...the journey was very pleasant as the hills were covered by blooming white Kanchan flowers(not found in plains)....People may visit during July -August when Sierra Lily( a rare kind) is bloomed. Nice for a day's excursion from Imphal, just 84 km from there

Kanchan Flower on wet rocks . Snowy Orchid

Located at an altitude of 3,114 m above sea level, the peak makes for an interesting vantage point to catch a kaleidoscopic view of the entire region that comprises lofty mountains, undulating valleys, meandering streams and vibrant hamlets. Trekkers find the climb uphill to the Khayang peak highly interesting for the beautiful scenery around.

Location: Ukhrul district, Manipur. There are several famous attractions in Manipur and its Ukhrul area offers some of the most picturesque ones including the Khayang Peak. The exceptional landscapes here offer stunning views which will leave you mesmerized. There are also several outdoor adventure sports on offer here which makes it a great attraction for thrill seekers.

Located at an altitude of 3,114 m above sea level, the peak makes for an interesting vantage point to catch a kaleidoscopic view of the entire region that comprises lofty mountains, undulating valleys, meandering streams and vibrant hamlets. Trekkers find the climb uphill to the Khayang peak highly interesting for the beautiful scenery around.

Location: Ukhrul district, Manipur

12 Sadu Churu Water Falls

Sadu Chiru waterfall is near Ichum Keirap village 27 km (17 mi) from Imphal, in the Sadar hill area, Senapati district. This consists of three falls with the first fall about 30 metres (98 ft) high. Agape Park is in the vicinity.

 Leimaram falls is a local attraction.

                                              It is the state bird of Manipur and Mizoram

Hume's pheasant or the bar-tailed pheasant, iMrs. Hume's pheasant / Nongin (Syrmaticus humiae) rare Manipur bird. "one who follows the track of rain"

The bird usually resides near rivers with rocky hillsides abundant with scrub forests.

Mrs. Hume's pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) Meitei Nongin; literally, "one who follows the track of rain"  also known as Hume's pheasant or the bar-tailed pheasant, is a large, up to 90 cm long, forest pheasant with a greyish brown head, bare red facial skin, chestnut brown plumage, yellowish bills, brownish orange iris, white wingbars and metallic blue neck feathers. The male has a long greyish white, barred black and brown tail. The female is a chestnut brown bird with whitish throat, buff color belly and white-tipped tail. E.

This rare and little known pheasant is found throughout forested habitats of the Mizoram, Patkai, Range, Yunnan  and northern parts of Myanmar and Thailand. The diet consists mainly of vegetation matters. The female lays three to twelve creamy white eggs in nest of leaves, twigs and feathers.

Doi Lang Mountain - Thailand

The name commemorates Mary Ann Grindall Hume, wife of the British  naturalist in India Allan Octavian Hume.  It is the state bird of ^{Mizoram and Manipur,} 

Owing to ongoing habitat loss, fragmented population and being hunted for food, the Mrs. Hume's pheasant is evaluated as Near Threatened on the  of IUCN Red list Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I of  CITIES.

Sadu Chiru Waterfalls, also one of the main Manipur tourist places, lies at a distance of 20 to 25 km from the capital city of Imphal. The waters of this majestic falls cascades down the hillside from a whopping height of about 300m.

Reaching the Sadu Chiru falls also makes for a stunning experience in itself as you cross scenic fields, forests, streams and then make your way up the rugged stone steps for a spectacular view of the verdant surrounding valleys.

All that effort to reach the waterfall after taking a 20 km detour, will certainly be worth your while when you get a misty glimpse of the milky white water through thick forest and foliage.

Location: Sadu Chiru Waterfall Road, Manipur

Timing: 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM

13 Lord Sonamahi Temple

This temple of Lord Sanamahi is NOT at Kangla Fort but is in First Manipur Rifles' Ground. Of course not many people know about it. This time, I met a knowledgeable Art and Culture Department official who took me there.
This is a beautiful 1875 Temple and I was told that statue of Lord Sanamahi is about 500 years old. Temple is beautiful. I could take a few photographs of the Lord, his consort and the Temple.

This temple is situated inside the Kangla fort. Sanamahi is oldest and original sect followed by Manipuri's and hence the temple is important. The temple is very clean and not at all crowded.

Located deep within the folds of the Nongmaijing Hills, the Sanamahi Kiyong Temple is one of the best places to visit in Manipur as it gives you the perfect blend of Manipur’s natural splendor and deep ritualistic traditions. The temple is dedicated to the ancient deity of the Meitei tribe of Imphal, Lainingthou Sanamahi. It was built more than a century ago on Imphal’s first Manipur Rifle Ground.

The structure is completely made of brick and stands on an octagonal base with a flight of stairs on the south side that lead to the temple’s doorway. The roof is made in a pyramidal gothic style architecture and the façade is ornamented with an elaborate door. During the yearly Manipur Cheiraoba festival, the place comes alive with vibrant cultural shows.

Location: Jiribam, Manipur

Timing: 6:00 AM – 8:00 PM

14 Manipur Zoological Gardens

One can spot rare varieties of birds and wild life here... North east is endowed with all the rare wildlife that can not be spotted elsewhere in India. A ticket of 10/- gives you and your child ample enjoyment. The animals are quite energetic. The zoo will begin with Howling Monkeys and they welcomed us with a loud howling. The bear and wild big cats are very playful. And another attractive part is the cage of Himalayan Griffon birds flying with large noise from their wings. Good amount of colourful birds and Sangai deers are being kept in the zoo. It's a small zoo and quite walkable and that's why no battery car service is there. It's premises is in one cirlcular shape.

 "Jewel Box" as is the zoo known as because of the the large icollection of animals and birds in the Zoo and had a chance to see the captive breeding of Sangai deer and Nongin species. It was a good experience of seeing so many species in a limited space and I found the whole experience. This is the only zoo in the country having Peafowls. Gibbon collection is a novelty and the way they make noise is worth experiencing

The zoo is bit far from the town...and only way to reach there is by your own conveyance. The Road upto the Agriculture Institute is ok..but after that it is very bad. There is almost nothing to see in the Zoo but one must visit once becoz of the Dancing Deer... which is known as sanghai in Manipur and only available in Manipur.Do not miss Green Peacock, Hume's Pheasant, Kalij Pheasant, Hornbill and Sangai - the brow antlered deer!

The cages are small and are not maintained well, but are being renovatedThe Hoolock gibbons are a really noisy gang and towards sunset hoot like rowdy humans.They are the only tail less primates of India and really endangered.The bird cages often house temprary inmates that are injured in the wild and are released on recovery. On the whole the place is clean and well maintained and an educative experience for those seriously interested in nature.

The sprawling Manipur Zoological Gardens is one of the most visited Manipur tourist places placed amid dense forests and gently sloping hillocks. Popularly described as the jewel box of Manipur, the garden spreads across an area of almost 8 hectare and is home to more than 400 species of animals and birds

The zoological garden is bestowed with rich biodiversity and the opulence of its flora and fauna attract nature and wildlife fans from all across. The animal section of the park has around 420 different species housed here and there are almost 55 species of birds as well.

Location: Lamphelpat, Imphal

Timing: 10 AM – 4:30 PM

15 Hijagang

Located within the precincts of the Kangla Fort, this is one of the prime places to visit in Manipur for its rich and fascinating history. The antecedents of this cultural attraction can be traced back to the 7th century AD. The historical monument was built in 1846 and since then the temple has been renovated and restored several times.

The temple building is possibly the most beautiful structure in the area. In front of the coronation halls of the former kings, Uttara, there stand two large white statues of Kangla Sha. This is a mythical animal from the Manipuri folklore, and the structure commemorates the original ones erected with brick and wood that were razed down by the British when they occupied the fort.

Location: Central Manipur

Timing: 7AM – 5PM

16 Millennium Garden

A great spot to visit for family hangouts, the Millenium Garden is a green haven for children and adults alike. Locally known as the Haorang Sabol, the garden sits on acres of lush green grass, gently undulating slopes and beautiful landscape replete with flowers in every hue. As soon as you enter the garden, you will feel the freshness in the air. It has a lot of man made artifacts which are especially appealing to children but also represent the history and ethnicity of Manipur.

There is a play area in one section of a garden for children to enjoy while you have a picnic or simply stretch your legs after all the traveling and sightseeing. There is a restaurant in the garden premises that serves sumptuous meals and shops that sell saplings/flower plants at reasonable prices.

Location: Haorang Sabol, Manipur

Timing: 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM

17 Waithou Lake

One of the scenic beauty in manipur .The view from the tourist home in waithou tourist home is an amazing experience.

Waithou is a small and interesting Manipur tourist place in the district of Thoubal, primarily because of the Waithou Lake. The lake increases the scenic beauty of the place tenfold with crystal clear water and lush green surroundings. 

The lake is situated towards the north of the district, the prime source being the drained water that comes from the Waithou Hill and the several paddy fields on the western and eastern sides.

The lake lies at a distance of 16 km from Imphal along the Imphal-Myanmar Road. It is surrounded by pineapple farms around the edges which are quite a sight and are extremely famous in the area. Before the construction of the Cheksabi barrage in the 1970s, Waithou Lake was a breeding ground for the Ngaton fist, an endangered species which completely vanished from the area after that.

Location: Imphal Myanmar Road, Manipur

Timing: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM

18 . Cheirao Ching

This Eco Tourism Project at Thangmeiband Cheirao Ching in Imphal West was developed by the government of Manipur recently as a leisure spot for locals as well as to add to the Manipur tourist places. The hill feature requires some climbing before you can enjoy its beauty and scenery to the fullest.

Once on top, you can catch panoramic views of the entire city of Imphal as you enjoy delectable sugarcane juice and sumptuous breakfast at the many street-side shacks set up here. There is a children’s play area right before you reach the summit. The Lal Chai or red tea is an excellent way to end a well spent day here.

Location: Central Manipur

Timing: 6:00 AM – 8:00 PM

19 . Khongjom War Memorial complex

The Battle of Khongjom was possibly the greatest war the Manipuris fought against the British and the Khongjom War Memorial Complex has been built in commemoration of the brave Manipuri soldiers who lost their lives in the war. This historical attraction is located at a distance of about 33 km from Imphal and draws all history lovers to it as it relays the grueling fight fought in 1891.

Khongjom Day is celebrated every year on 23rd April in remembrance of the brave soldiers. The memorial is particularly dedicated to Major General Paona Brajabashi who sacrificed his life serving his motherland. It is also a popular sightseeing destination with its 30 feet high entrance and surrounding greenery. 

Location: Lamding Mamang Leikai, Thoubal

Timing: 7:00 AM – 7:30 PM

20 . Mutua Bahadur Memorial

Mutua Bahadur Museum, one of the most famous tourist places in Manipur is unlike regular museums. Mutua Bahadur has not been built with modern concrete and mortar with individual sections. Instead, the museum comprises individual thatched huts built in traditional Manipuri style, each of which house unique local artifacts including coins, pottery, paintings, manuscripts, jewelry, wood carvings, objects made out of bell metal and ethnic handicraft items.

The museum also replicates the various styles of houses common to individual tribes like the kabui, poumai, kuki, Meitei and tangkhul. From wooden carvings and paintings to dolls representing each of the 34 Manipuri tribes, give deeper insight into the state’s rich cultural heritage.

Location: Andro Village, Manipur

Ema Keithel Women's Market

Iskon Temple Imphal

Kangla Museum Imphal

Red Hill Lokpaching

Indian peace Museum 2019 here.

People Also Ask About Manipur

1. 1. Senapati: Get a cultural insight at this simple yet intriguing hideout and one of the best places to visit in Manipur. Covered with dense forests dotted by hamlets, this is a great escape from the bustle of city life.
   
   2. Andro: Spend a fulfilling day with your family exploring this scenic village famous for its pottery craftsmanship that makes it one of the most spectacular Manipur tourist places indeed.
   
   3. Imphal: Located in the heart of Manipur, the capital city Manipur one of the most notable places to visit in Manipur with family. There are umpteen landmarks here like Manipur State Museum, Palace of Kangle and Polo Ground.
   
   4. Khongjom: One of the best Manipur tourist places, Khongjom is a must-visit to remember the brave soldiers who fought in the Anglo-Manipur War.
   
   5. Ukhrul: The scenic splendor of Manipur can be seen encapsulated in this tiny district where you can find peace of mind and spirituality.

2. What are the things to do in Manipur?

   1. Visit the Keibul Lamjao National Park: Spot unique species of animals and birds in the spectacular biodiversity of this national park. This unique park tagged as the only ‘floating national park’ is one of the best Manipur tourist places to visit.
   
   2. Go shopping in the Moreh-Tamu International Market: Situated on the Indo-Myanmar border, this interesting market is outfitted with quaint eateries, shops selling organic vegetables and some unique pieces of handcrafted jewelry.
   
   3. Go boating at Loktak Lake: This widely visited one of a kind attraction comprises several small islands and phumdis. You can explore these tiny locales by boat and experience unparalleled peace amid spectacular mountains in the backdrop.
   
   4. Go bird watching at Tamenglong: Popularly known as the land of the hornbill, Tamenglong is a place that is frequented by some of the rarest species of birds. Delight in the amazing mix of waterfalls, meadows, lakes, spices and rare herbs.
   

3. What is Manipur famous for?

   Manipur is bestowed with immense beauty by Mother Nature and is covered in lush greenery. It is famous for its stunning mountains, such as Tenipu and Laikot. It is also famous for its lakes, waterfalls, wildlife reserves, gardens and parks. Apart from scenic landscapes, the state is also blessed with rich culture, traditions, deep-rooted history and some delectable local cuisines.

4. What is the best time to visit Manipur?

   The best time to visit Manipur is between the months of September and April when the weather is most pleasant. November to February comprises the winter season here when the temperatures remain quite chilly yet cozy. The environment remains laid back with the warm winter afternoon sun when sightseeing and other expeditions can be thoroughly enjoyed.

Manipur Dance

Thang Ta , the martial art form of Manipur

Pena is an ancient Manipur musical instrument, particularly popular among the Meitei, the Pangal and the Meitei Christians

The Chorus Repertory Theatre, Imphal, founded by Ratan Thiyam

The Shrine – the main theatre

The Lai Haraoba, a dance festival showcases the folk dances of Manipur.

Cheiraoba is a celebration of the new year during the spring season. People feast (top), then climb up a hill together later in the day to signify overcoming hurdles and reaching new heights in the new year

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